属性、方法、下标

属性

struct Circle { // 存储属性
    var radius: Double
    // 计算属性
    var diameter: Double {
        set {
            radius = newValue / 2
        } get {
            radius * 2
        }
    }
}

var circle = Circle(radius: 5)
print(circle.radius) // 5.0
print(circle.diameter) // 10.0
circle.diameter = 12
print(circle.radius) // 6.0
print(circle.diameter) // 12.0
print(MemoryLayout<Circle>.stride) // 8

存储属性


计算属性

struct Circle {
    var radius: Double
    var diameter: Double {
        set(newDiameter) {
            radius = newDiameter / 2
        }
        get {
            radius * 2
        }
    }
}
struct Circle {
    var radius: Double
    var diameter: Double {
        get {
            radius * 2
        }
    }
}
struct Circle {
    var radius: Double
    var diameter: Double { radius * 2 }
}

枚举rawValue原理

enum TestEnum : Int {
    case test1 = 1, test2 = 2, test3 = 3
    var rawValue: Int {
        switch self {
        case .test1:
            return 10
        case .test2:
            return 11
        case .test3:
            return 12
        }
    }
}
print(TestEnum.test3.rawValue) // 12

延迟存储属性(Lazy Stored Property)

class Car {
    init() {
        print("Car init!")
    }
    func run() {
        print("Car is running!")
    }
}

class Person {
    lazy var car = Car()
    init() {
        print("Person init!")
    }
    func goOut() {
        car.run()
    }
}

let p = Person()
print("--------")
p.goOut()

//打印结果
Person init!
--------
Car init!
Car is running!
class PhotoView {
    lazy var image: Image = {
        let url = "https://www.baidu.com/xx.png"
        let data = Data(url: url)
        return Image(data: data)
    }()
}

延迟存储属性注意点


属性观察器(Property Observer)

struct Circle {
    var radius: Double {
        willSet {
            print("willSet", newValue)
        }
        didSet {
            print("didSet", oldValue, radius)
        }
    }
    init() {
        self.radius = 1.0
        print("Circle init!")
    }
}

// Circle init!
var circle = Circle()
// willSet 10.5
// didSet 1.0 10.5
circle.radius = 10.5
// 10.5
print(circle.radius)

全局变量、局部变量

var num: Int {
    get {
        return 10
    }
    set {
        print("setNum", newValue)
    }
}
num = 11 // setNum 11
print(num) // 10

func test() {
    var age = 10 {
        willSet {
            print("willSet", newValue)
        }
        didSet {
            print("didSet", oldValue, age)
        }
    }
    age = 11
    // willSet 11
    // didSet 10 11
}
test()

inout的再次研究

struct Shape {
    var width: Int
    var side: Int {
        willSet {
            print("willSetSide", newValue)
        }
        didSet {
            print("didSetSide", oldValue, side)
        }
    }
    var girth: Int {
        set {
            width = newValue / side
            print("setGirth", newValue)
        }
        get {
            print("getGirth")
            return width * side
        }
    }
    func show() {
        print("width=\(width), side=\(side), girth=\(girth)")
    }
}

func test(_ num: inout Int) {
    num = 20
}

var s = Shape(width: 10, side: 4)
test(&s.width)
s.show()
print("----------")
test(&s.side)
s.show()
print("----------")
test(&s.girth)
s.show()
 

//打印结果
getGirth
width=20, side=4, girth=80
----------
willSetSide 20
didSetSide 4 20
getGirth
width=20, side=20, girth=400
----------
getGirth
setGirth 20
getGirth
width=1, side=20, girth=20

inout的本质总结


类型属性(Type Property)

struct Car {
    static var count: Int = 0
    init() {
        Car.count += 1 }
}
let c1 = Car()
let c2 = Car()
let c3 = Car() print(Car.count) // 3

类型属性细节


单例模式

public class FileManager {
    public static let shared = FileManager()
    private init() { }
}

public class FileManager {
    public static let shared = {
        // ....
        // ....
        return FileManager()
    }()
    private init() { }
}

方法(Method)

class Car {
    static var cout = 0
    init() {
        Car.cout += 1 }
    static func getCount() -> Int { cout }
}

let c0 = Car()
let c1 = Car()
let c2 = Car()
print(Car.getCount()) // 3

mutating

struct Point {
    var x = 0.0, y = 0.0
    mutating func moveBy(deltaX: Double, deltaY: Double) {
        x += deltaX
        y += deltaY
        // self = Point(x: x + deltaX, y: y + deltaY)
    }
}

enum StateSwitch {
    case low, middle, high
    mutating func next() {
        switch self {
        case .low:
            self = .middle
        case .middle:
            self = .high
        case .high:
            self = .low
        }
    }
}

@discardableResult

struct Point {
    var x = 0.0, y = 0.0
    @discardableResult mutating
    func moveX(deltaX: Double) -> Double {
        x += deltaX
        return x
    }
}
var p = Point()
p.moveX(deltaX: 10)

@discardableResult
func get() -> Int {
    return 10
}
get()

下标(subscript)

class Point {
    var x = 0.0, y = 0.0
    subscript(index: Int) -> Double {
        set {
            if index == 0 {
                x = newValue
            } else if index == 1 {
                y = newValue
            }
        }
        get {
            if index == 0 {
                return x
            } else if index == 1 {
                return y
            }
            return 0
        }
    }
}

var p = Point()
p[0] = 11.1
p[1] = 22.2
print(p.x) // 11.1
print(p.y) // 22.2
print(p[0]) // 11.1
print(p[1]) // 22.2

下标的细节

class Point {
    var x = 0.0, y = 0.0
    subscript(index: Int) -> Double {
        get {
            if index == 0 {
                return x
            } else if index == 1 {
                return y
            }
            return 0
        }
    }
}


class Point {
    var x = 0.0, y = 0.0
    subscript(index: Int) -> Double {
        if index == 0 {
            return x
        } else if index == 1 {
            return y
        }
        return 0
    }
}
class Point {
    var x = 0.0, y = 0.0
    subscript(index i: Int) -> Double {
        if i == 0 {
            return x
        } else if i == 1 {
            return y
        }
        return 0
    }
}

var p = Point()
p.y = 22.2
print(p[index: 1]) // 22.2
class Sum {
static subscript(v1: Int, v2: Int) -> Int {
        return v1 + v2
    }
}
print(Sum[10, 20]) // 30

结构体、类作为返回值对比

class Point {
    var x = 0, y = 0
}
class PointManager {
    var point = Point()
    subscript(index: Int) -> Point {
        get { point }
    }
}


struct Point {
    var x = 0, y = 0
}
class PointManager {
    var point = Point()
    subscript(index: Int) -> Point {
        set { point = newValue }
        get { point } }
}

var pm = PointManager()
pm[0].x = 11
pm[0].y = 22
// Point(x: 11, y: 22)
print(pm[0])
// Point(x: 11, y: 22)
print(pm.point)

接收多个参数的下标

class Grid {
    var data = [
        [0, 1, 2],
        [3, 4, 5],
        [6, 7, 8]
    ]
    subscript(row: Int, column: Int) -> Int {
        set {
            guard row >= 0 && row < 3 && column >= 0 && column < 3 else {
                return
            }
            data[row][column] = newValue
        }
        get {
            guard row >= 0 && row < 3 && column >= 0 && column < 3 else {
                return 0
            }
            return data[row][column] }
    }
}

var grid = Grid()
grid[0, 1] = 77
grid[1, 2] = 88
grid[2, 0] = 99
print(grid.data)